🧪 A/G Ratio Calculator Albumin / Globulin
Enter total protein and albumin to compute globulin and the A/G ratio.
ℹ️ For educational and reference use only. Does not replace professional medical diagnosis or treatment.
Units: g/dL (normal 6.0–8.3)
Units: g/dL (normal 3.5–5.0)
📊 Results
📋 A/G Ratio Reference
| Category | A/G Ratio | Interpretation | Associated Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low | < 1.0 | ↓ albumin or ↑ globulin | Cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, multiple myeloma, chronic inflammation |
| Borderline | 1.0 – 1.1 | Possible mild abnormality | Chronic inflammation, mild liver disease |
| Normal | 1.1 – 2.5 | Within reference | — |
| High | > 2.5 | ↓ globulin | Hypogammaglobulinemia, some leukemias |
🔍 Clinical Significance of Low A/G Ratio
🫁 Liver Disease
Cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis reduce albumin synthesis while increasing immunoglobulin production, lowering A/G.
🫘 Nephrotic Syndrome
Glomerular albumin loss in urine (proteinuria) depletes serum albumin.
🩸 Multiple Myeloma
Plasma cell dyscrasia produces monoclonal (M-) protein, driving globulin up dramatically. Confirm with SPEP and immunofixation.
🔥 Chronic Inflammation
Chronic infection, autoimmune disease, and malignancy increase polyclonal immunoglobulins, reducing A/G.
📐 Formula
Globulin
Globulin = Total Protein − Albumin
A/G ratio
A/G = Albumin / Globulin
* Units: g/dL
* Albumin must be less than Total Protein (Globulin > 0)
Globulin = Total Protein − Albumin
A/G ratio
A/G = Albumin / Globulin
* Units: g/dL
* Albumin must be less than Total Protein (Globulin > 0)
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What is the A/G ratio? ▼
A/G ratio = Albumin ÷ Globulin, with Globulin = Total Protein − Albumin. Normal is about 1.1–2.5. It summarizes hepatic synthesis and immunoglobulin status in one number.
What does a low A/G suggest? ▼
Cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, multiple myeloma, chronic inflammation, or chronic infection. Either albumin is low or globulin is high — or both.
What does a high A/G suggest? ▼
Hypogammaglobulinemia (primary or secondary), some leukemias, or rare genetic disorders. Warrants SPEP and immunoglobulin quantification.
When are TP and albumin ordered? ▼
In comprehensive metabolic panels, LFT workups, and nutritional assessment. Especially useful when evaluating edema, ascites, unexplained weight loss, or monoclonal gammopathy.
🔗 Related Calculators
⚠️ Disclaimer — Educational reference only; not for direct clinical decision-making. No warranty of accuracy; no liability for any direct or indirect harm.
References: Busher JT. Serum Albumin and Globulin. In: Walker HK et al., eds. Clinical Methods. 3rd ed. 1990.
References: Busher JT. Serum Albumin and Globulin. In: Walker HK et al., eds. Clinical Methods. 3rd ed. 1990.